FORTUNE   -- The long decline of the savings rate in the United States has been   widely discussed, yet every revisit of the data brings new cause for   alarm. Hedgeye recently provided its clients a chart showing savings as a   percentage of GDP. In the 1970s and 1980s savings were in the 5 - 7%   range. In the decades since, personal savings have declined to the 1 -   3% range.
Many pundits suggest the decline in savings is a  non-issue,  while others, more on the extreme, believe that it one of the  primary  economic issues currently facing the United States. While the   implications can be debated, the fact remains that the savings rate has   declined dramatically over the past few decades and is among the lowest   of any modern nation state.
As a refresher, the basic formula used to calculate savings rate is as follows:
(Disposable Personal Income -Taxes - Expenditures = Savings) / Disposable Personal Income
 The Bureau of Economic Analysis   keeps this statistic via its NIPA (National Income and Product   Accounts) savings rate. The expenditures include interest payments, but   exclude mortgage payments.
Critics of this calculation suggest   there are a couple of major factors that are excluded that should be   included, which are primarily: homes and capital gains on stock sales.   Specifically, as we purchase a home and pay down our mortgage, and the   home appreciates in value, it is a form of savings. And as it relates to   stock sales, when we realize capital gains this increases our net  worth  and, ostensibly, our savings.
Despite the debate over   calculations, the savings rate is still a decent proxy for the American   consumer's savings rate and, more importantly, the direction of those   savings, especially as it has been calculated with some consistency by   the Department of Commerce, over time.
As the Federal Funds Rate   -- a rough proxy for the interest earned in savings accounts -- has   decresed, so, too, has the rate that American consumers have saved.   Logically, this makes sense as consumers have shifted out of savings   accounts due to the declining rate of return.
 In   the short term, the savings rate has increased slightly, but based on   the long term trend of interest rates down and savings rate down, it   seems that a more sustained increase in savings is unlikely until   consumers incentivized to save via higher interest rates. Given the   recent rhetoric from the Federal Reserve, it seems unlikely that we will   see a meaningful increase in interest rates anytime soon.
In the   alarming chart above, we've outlined the broad savings rates within  the  U.S. economy. This is a combination of consumer based savings,   government savings via surpluses (or lack thereof), and corporate   savings. In early 2009, savings in aggregate as a percentage of GDP went   negative for the first time since 1952, and has continued its downward   trend.
One potential economic risk to the low savings rate is  that  U.S. consumers retrench and opt to change their consumption  patterns  and instead of spending, they aggressively begin to save. This  would be a  "reversion to the mean" theory of savings and is a somewhat  fanciful  idea absent an increase in interest rates.
A larger  issue facing  the United States in increasing its savings rates relates  to  demographics. Specifically, old people save less than young people.  So,  as a population ages the savings rates will naturally decline, and   create headwinds to increasing that rate. In the United States, the   population is clearly aging. According to a 2006 report on demographics   from the United States Congress, by 2025 18% of the population will be   over 65 years old, versus 12% in 2000.
More broadly, the primary   risk of a lack of savings in the United States, be it personal,   corporate, or governmental, is an inability to fund, via domestic means,   the large deficits being run by the federal government -- currently at   north of 10% of GDP. Specifically, if we do not have enough savings to   buy our own government debt, then we will have to rely on foreigners  to  purchase that debt.
What's worse: foreign oil, or foreign creditors?
While   the issue of dependence on foreign oil is accurately raised as a real   economic and strategic risk to the United States, what about this risk   related to a dependence on foreign debt financing? The combination of a   low domestic savings rates and lack of government savings (i.e., a   massive deficit) means that the United States will continue to rely on   foreign financing to bridge deficits well into the future. 
The   future reliance of foreign financing can be alleviated in a few ways: a   dramatically increased savings rate, economic growth that narrows the   gap, an increase in tax revenues to pay for the deficit, aggressive   austerity measures that reduce budget deficits. Currently, none of these   seem very likely to change.
Source: By Daryl G. JonesJune 30, 2010: 3:39 PM ET
Daryl G. Jones is the Managing Director of Risk Management at Hedgeye, a research firm based in New Haven, Conn. His colleague Darius Dale also contributed to this column.
 
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Daniel Escobar
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